Abstract:
At the moment, in Vietnam, almost health facilities are applying prenatal diagnosis while the embryos are 3 months old. This technique greatly affects the health of the mother to have an abortion decision. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) enables couples at risk of transmitting genetic disorders to have the opportunity of having healthy baby. Principles of PGD technique is based on the implementation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) to create embryos, then make embryo biopsy and genetic analysis before embryo transfer. Biopsy of embryos may be polar body biopsy, cleavage-embryo biopsy, or blastocyst biopsy. PGD can be applied to diagnose abnormal chromosomes: using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization technique (FISH) can diagnose diseases involving chromosome
such as Down syndrome, Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13), Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), Klinefelter syndrome (XXY); in term of diagnosis of genetic abnormalities, using Quantitative PCR technique (QF-PCR) or Comparative Genome Hybridization (CGH) can diagnose nearly 200 different single-gene diseases such thalassemia, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In Vietnam, under the support of KC10/11- 15 program, Military Medical University has been implementing the project "Research on the procedure of diagnosis of some genetic diseases prior to embryo transfer to select IVF embryos” carried out on patients with Thalassemia and SMA. The results ofthe research are expected to bring infinite happiness for couples to have healthy babies.
Keywords:
chromosome, embryos, pre- implantation Genetic Diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis.